加拿大入籍申请条件 Canadian Citizenship: Find Out if You’re Eligible
加拿大拥有世界范围内最开放的公民政策之一。每年有数万永久居民选择入籍。据统计，超过85%的永久居民最终成为加拿大公民。
满足一定的居住及语言要求，且无重大犯罪记录即有资格申请入籍。
Canada offers one of the most open citizenship policies in the world. As such, hundreds of thousands of people become eligible for Canadian citizenship each year and over 85% of permanent residents become Canadians.
Becoming eligible for Canadian citizenship entails the likes of meeting residency requirements, being able to speak English and/or French, and not having a criminal history considered prohibitive to becoming a citizen.
文章内容 Table of Contents
入籍要求概述 Canadian Citizenship Eligibility Criteria
满足以下条件才能申请入籍获取加拿大公民身份：
- 拥有加拿大永居身份
- 满足入籍实际居住时间要求
- 提交纳税申报表（如必须）
- 通过公民考试（年龄在18至54岁之间）
- 证明语言能力（年龄在18至54岁之间）
You need to meet several criteria to be eligible to apply for Canadian citizenship:
- Be a permanent resident
- Meet Canada’s physical presence requirements
- File your taxes (if necessary)
- Pass a Canadian citizenship test (if you are between the ages of 18-54)
- Prove your language skills (if you are between the ages of 18-54)
永居身份要求 Permanent resident status
只有拥有加拿大永居身份才能入籍申请。递交入籍申请时，永久居民枫叶卡无需有效；即使枫叶卡已过期仍可提交入籍申请。有效的永居身份是指，入籍申请人并未由于移民或欺诈等原因接受审查、不受到驱逐令的影响，以及并无尚未完成的与永居身份相关的条件（例如，尚未完成体检等）。
You must be a permanent resident to apply for Canadian citizenship. Your Permanent Residence Card (PR Card) does not need to be valid at the time of your application and you can still apply with an expired PR card. Holding permanent resident status entails not being under review for immigration or fraud reasons, not being subject to a removal order, and not having unfulfilled conditions relating to your permanent resident status (e.g., you have yet to complete a medical screening).
居住时间要求 Canada’s physical presence requirements
除某些特殊情况外，入籍申请人必须满足，在递交申请之前的五年内在加拿大居住至少三年（1,095天）。未满18周岁的未成年人申请入籍时也需要拥有永久居民身份，但无需满足三年的居住要求。加拿大移民、难民和公民事务部（IRCC）建议申请人在实际居住超过1,095天后递交申请，以防计算有误。
如果在成为永久居民之前，入籍申请人以临时居民或受庇护人士的身份在加拿大境内居住；可以将这段时间的一部分计算在入籍所需的实际居住要求中。在过去五年内，以临时居民或受庇护人士身份在加拿大境内的时间可以每一天算作半天；最多可以累积一年（365天）。
You must have lived in Canada for at least three years (1,095 days) out of the past five years before applying for Canadian citizenship (unless there are exceptional circumstances). Children under 18 must also have permanent resident status, but do not have to satisfy the three-year requirement. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) recommends you apply with more than 1,095 days of living in Canada in case there is a problem with your calculation.
If you lived in Canada as a temporary resident or protected person before becoming a permanent resident, you can calculate some of that time towards your physical presence requirement. Each day you spent in Canada as a temporary resident or protected person in the last five years can count as a half day. You can use a maximum of 365 days as a temporary resident or protected person towards your physical presence requirement.
报税记录 File your taxes (if necessary)
必要时入籍申请人在提交加拿大公民身份申请的前五内内，至少需要提交三年的报税记录。如有以下情况，即使申请人一年中只有一部分时间在加拿大境内居住，也可能需要提交所得税报税记录：
- 需要缴纳当年的税款
- 想要申请退税
- 想要获得福利和抵免税款
If applicable to you, you may need to file taxes in Canada for at least three years within the five years before you submit your Canadian citizenship application. It may be a requirement to file an income tax return, even if you lived in Canada for only part of a year, if you:
- Need to pay tax for the year
- Want to claim a refund
- Want to get benefit and credit payments
公民考试 Pass a Canadian citizenship test
年龄介于18至54岁之间入籍申请人需要参加公民考试。考试内容涉及加拿大公民的权利和义务、简答历史、地理、经济、政府架构、法律和国家象征等方面的问题。考试时长30分钟，题型包含选择题和判断题。可以选择以英语或法语完成考试。及格分数是在20道题中答对15道。加拿大公民部提供的《探索加拿大》是用于备考很好的学习材料。
If you are between of ages of 18 and 54 on the day you signed your Canadian citizenship application, you will need to take a Canadian citizenship test. The test is 30 minutes long and contains multiple-choice and true or false questions. You can complete the test in English or French. The pass mark is 15 out of 20.
The test will ask questions on the rights and responsibilities of Canadians, Canada’s history, geography, economy, government, laws, and symbols. IRCC provides all citizenship applicants with a study guide entitled Discover Canada.
语言要求 Prove your language skills
年龄介于18至54岁之间的入籍申请人需要证明其听力与口语能力达到加拿大语言水平分级（CLB）4级或以上。加拿大公民部通过以下方式衡量申请人的语言能力：
- 审查之前提交的语言能力证明
- 入籍申请审理过程中，与公民身份法官的沟通能力
- 如有必要，公民身份法官在听证会上评估申请人的语言能力
通过提交申请人在以英语或法语作为教学语言的中学或高等教育的就学记录、标准化英语或法语考试成绩也可以证明申请人的语言能力。例如：提交申请人在加拿大完成语言培训的记录、在移民申请过程中提交过的语言成绩等。
Those between the ages of 18 and 54 also need to show they can speak English or French at a Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) level of 4 or higher. IRCC assesses your language skills in a variety of ways, such as
- review the evidence you submit demonstrating your language skills
- IRCC may take note of how well you communicate with citizenship officials during the application process
- IRCC may assess your language skills during a hearing with a citizenship official, if necessary
One example of proof of your language skills is showing you attended a secondary or post-secondary educational program in English or French. IRCC will also accept the results of an English or French language test you completed. For example, this can have been completed as part of a language training program in Canada, or as part of your Canadian permanent residence application.
不符合入籍条件 Ineligibility
如有以下情况，无法申请入籍：
- 不满足在加拿大境内实际居住的最低天数要求；
- 无法用英语或法语交流；
- 未能通过公民考试或面试；或者
- 无法提供给所需要的居住证明文件。
此外，如有以下法律或刑事问题，也不符合申请入籍加拿大的条件：
- 过去五年内被取消公民身份；
- 过去三年内被裁定有刑事犯罪；
- 目前在监狱服刑，或处于假释或缓刑阶段；
- 正在执行加拿大驱逐程序
- 正在接受调查，或已被判犯有战争罪或反人类罪行。
Canadian citizenship will not be granted to applicants who:
- Do not meet the minimum required residency days in Canada;
- Cannot speak either English or French;
- Do not pass their citizenship test and/or interview; or
- Cannot provide the required proof of residency documentation.
There are also multiple legal and criminality issues that may make you ineligible for Canadian citizenship. If any of the following apply to you, you may not qualify for citizenship:
- You have had your citizenship taken away within the past five years;
- You have been convicted of a criminal offence in the past three years;
- You are in prison, on parole or on probation;
- You are under removal order from Canada;
- You are under investigation for, or have been convicted of a war crime or a crime against humanity.
相关链接 Related Links
- 加拿大入籍资格计算器 Canadian Citizenship Eligibility Calculator
- 加拿大入籍宣誓仪式 Canadian Citizenship Ceremony
- 加拿大公民的权利与义务 Rights And Responsibilities of Canadian Citizens
- 申请加拿大公民身份证明 Apply for Proof of Canadian Citizenship
- 加拿大护照 The Benefits of a Canadian Passport
- 双国籍 Dual Citizenship
- 加拿大入籍申请流程 Applying for Canadian Citizenship
- 加拿大入籍申请条件 Canadian Citizenship Eligibility
- 加拿大入籍申请的1095天要求 The 1,095-Day Rule for Canadian Citizenship
- 申请入籍成为加拿大公民 Apply for Canadian Citizenship
