通过留学移民加拿大 How to Get Canadian Permanent Residence After your Studies
加拿大为国际学生提供了众多移民途径。如包括快速通道在内的联邦项目、各省根据实际需求针对留学生毕业后制定的省提名项目，以及魁北克省提供的省级项目。
Canada offers many pathways to international students to get their permanent residency. These include federal pathways such as Express Entry, as well as provincial ones offered through the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP), and by Quebec.
文章内容 Table of Contents
留学移民途径概览 Overview
加拿大移民项目种类繁多，为国际留学生在毕业后申请永居身份提供大量机会。联邦快速移民通道中有针对加拿大本地学历的特定加分。由雇主驱动的大西洋移民项目针对国际毕业生设计了专门的申请通道。作为加拿大最大的省份，安省省提名项目针对不同教育背景和学历的国际毕业生提供三个移民申请通道，其中只有一个通道要求毕业生获取工作录用函。在熟练掌握法语的前提下，魁北克省的国际毕业生类别也不要求申请人获取工作录用函即可递交移民申请。
不列颠哥伦比亚省、萨斯喀彻温省、曼尼托巴省、新斯科舍省、纽芬兰与拉布拉多省也针对国际毕业生设置了专门的移民申请通道。阿尔伯塔省的阿尔伯塔机遇类别，甚至为国际毕业生提供专项拨款鼓励他们申请永久居留权。新不伦瑞克省和爱德华王子岛的部分移民项目，尽管与大西洋移民项目重合，仍为国际毕业生设定专门的移民申请通道。部分省提名项目要求国际毕业生在申请移民时持有有效毕业工签。此类专门为国际毕业生设置的工作许可，为毕业生提供长达三年的窗口期以获取必要的加拿大本地工作经验。
留学生毕业后，确保能够尽快累积目标移民项目所对应的，符合国家职业分类（NOC）技能水平的工作经验至关重要。以下是留学生毕业后可以选择的移民途径。
Canada’s network of immigration programs includes a multitude of opportunities for international graduates to apply for permanent residence after study.The international graduate provision is spearheaded by the federal Express Entry system, which includes specific points for Canadian education. Elsewhere, the employer-driven Atlantic Immigration Program has a specific stream for international graduates. Ontario, Canada’s largest province, leads the way among the provincial nominee programs, with three streams aimed at different levels of graduates, only one of them requiring a job offer. Quebec’s international graduate stream also does not require a job offer, provided the candidate has an advanced level of French.
British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland also have specific international graduate streams. Alberta includes a provision for international graduates under the Alberta Opportunity Stream. New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island do not have specific streams, although they are covered under the Atlantic Immigration Program. Several of the provinces require the graduate to hold a Post-Graduation Work Permit. This document gives graduates a window of up to three years to gain the required work experience to qualify for Canadian permanent residence.
After your studies, it is important for you to ensure that you obtain work experience in the National Occupational Classification (NOC) skill level that corresponds with the skilled worker immigration pathways you are interested in applying to. The following is an overview of the steps you can take after your studies to pursue Canadian PR.
留学生移民的一般途径 Common Canadian Immigration Pathways for International Students
After completing their studies in Canada, most international students go on to apply for a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP). The PGWP provides international students with an open work permit that enables them to work for any employer, and in any occupation, of their choice. The length of the PGWP corresponds with the length of your studies in Canada, up to a maximum of three years. Among the major benefits of the PGWP is it enables you to get the Canadian work experience that can help make you a more competitive candidate for Canadian immigration. Many Canadian immigration pathways reward candidates with Canadian work experience. If you have yet to begin your studies in Canada, it is very important to ensure you enroll in a program at a Canadian Designated Learning Institution (DLI) that will make you eligible for a PGWP.
Next, conduct research on Canadian immigration pathways to identify which options may be most suitable for you. It is beneficial to conduct this research as early as possible so you can ensure you take the steps necessary to be eligible for these options and enhance the competitiveness of your candidacy. Each PR pathway has unique criteria, but generally speaking, you will be assessed based on the level of your English and/or French proficiency, education, and your work experience. You may also be at an advantage if you have an eligible job offer and based on the ties you have to the province or territory in which you reside. You may wish to complete a free assessment to discover if you are eligible for Canadian permanent residence. Common pathways to consider include:
联邦快速通道 Express Entry (EE) for International Students
联邦层面，现任政府通过授予国际毕业生在联邦快速通道系统中针对不同学历的加分，使留学生在毕业后更容易获得加拿大永久居留权。
2016年11月后，在快速移民通道综合打分系统中，三年制学院学历或、本科学位、硕博或专业学位都能获得30分；一年或两年制学院文凭可以获得15分；满足条件的“双学历”会获得更高加分，但高中及以下学历不能获得加分。这对很多希望通过快速移民通道，获取被动移民邀请函的留学生而言，提出了更高的学历要求。
At the federal level, the current government has made it easier for international graduates to achieve Canadian immigration by introducing points under Canada Express Entry. Express Entry is an application management system for three federal skilled worker immigration programs:
- Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP)
- Canadian Experience Class (CEC)
- Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP)
International students with at least one year of Canadian work experience may find the CEC as a suitable option to pursue PR. If you already have at least one year of professional work experience from overseas, you may also wish to consider the FSWP as an option.
In November 2016, Comprehensive Ranking System points were added for three-year post-secondary, master’s, professional degrees and doctorates (30 CRS points) and post-secondary diplomas lasting one or two years (15 CRS points). No points are awarded for a Canadian high school education or below. This gives many graduates the extra push they need to achieve a coveted Invitation to Apply.
To immigrate via Express Entry, you must ensure you meet the eligibility criteria of at least one of these three programs. You can then upload a profile on the website of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). Candidates with the highest scores are invited to apply for permanent residence. Candidates receive Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) scores based on human capital criteria such as age, education, language skills, work experience, among other factors. Candidates can obtain additional points for studying in Canada and Canadian work experience. As such, international students are well-positioned to be competitive under Express Entry. Every two weeks, IRCC issues invitations to apply for permanent residence to Express Entry candidates with the highest CRS scores. Those invited have 60 days to submit their completed permanent residence applications to IRCC.
如何在快速通道中破局获得加分 How to increase your CRS?
省提名项目 Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs)
通过省提名项目（PNP）申请永居身份，是国际学生的另一热门选择。加拿大几乎每个省份或地区，都可以根据实际需求制定省提名项目。大部分省提名项目适合希望在特定地区定居的技术工人。其中的部分项目对拥有加拿大就学或就业经历的候选人利好，甚至有些申请通道专门针对国际毕业生。
The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) is another popular PR pathway for international students. Nearly every province and territory in Canada operates the PNP. The PNP is available to skilled workers who want to obtain permanent residence in a particular province or territory. Many PNP streams reward candidates who have studied and worked in Canada. There are also streams that specifically cater to international students.
其他经济类移民项目 Other Economic Class PR Pathways
总体而言，加拿大提供超过100种不同的经济类移民途径。包括下列适合留学生群体的项目：
- 大西洋移民项目：针对在新斯科舍省、新不伦瑞克省、爱德华王子岛省和纽芬兰省有就学经历的国际学生提供移民申请通道。
- 香港潜水艇计划：针对在加拿大有就学经历的香港公民提供移民申请通道。
- 乡村及北部地区移民试点项目：针对在试点区域就学的国际学生提供移民申请通道。
- 联邦农业试点项目：针对在农业领域就业的国际毕业生，提供每年2,750个移民名额。
In all, Canada offers more than 100 different economic class pathways including others that reward international student candidates. Examples include:
- Atlantic Immigration Program: This is an option for those that have studied in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, or Newfoundland and Labrador
- Hong Kong: Canada offers immigration pathways to Hong Kong nationals that have studied in Canada
- Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot: This pathway offers permanent residence to international students that reside in participating rural and northern communities across Canada
- Agri-Food Immigration Pilot: This pathway exists to provide eligible temporary foreign workers in the sector with a pathway to Canadian permanent residence. Up to 2,750 applications are accepted each year.
确认工作岗位技能水平 Verify your NOC Skill Level
加拿大提供的每种技术工人类别移民项目，对申请人所需满足的工作经验技能类型都有明确要求。作为国际毕业生，应该提前了解未来就业所从事的职业是否符合目标移民项目所对应的国家职业分类（NOC）技能等级。一般而言，大部分技术工人类别移民项目要求申请人累积属于“高技能”类别的工作经验。但这并不绝对，部分联邦及省级移民项目专门针对拥有“中等技能”或“低技能”工作经验的申请人提供移民机会。
Each Canadian skilled worker immigration program has requirements on the skill type of the work experience that you need to be eligible for that program. As you seek to obtain Canadian work experience after your studies, you should verify in advance that you are going to work in an occupation that falls under the National Occupational Classification (NOC) skill level that corresponds with the skilled worker immigration programs you are interested in.
Generally speaking, most skilled worker streams require that you obtain work experience that is categorized as “high-skilled“. However, there are both federal and provincial skilled worker pathways that enable those with work experience categorized as “intermediate” or “lower” skilled to be eligible to apply for permanent residence.
家庭团聚 Family Class Options
加拿大移民法允许加拿大公民和永久居民担保亲属获得永居身份。如果留学生的配偶或同居伴侣是加拿大公民或永久居民，他们可能有资格提供担保帮助留学生获得永居身份。
Canadian immigration allows Canadian citizens and permanent residents to sponsor close family to obtain permanent residence. For instance, if you have a spouse or common-law partner that is a Canadian citizen or PR, they may be able to sponsor you if the two of you meet the Canadian government’s eligibility criteria.
相关链接 Related Links
- 加拿大企业家移民项目 Canada’s Entrepreneur Immigration Programs
- 加拿大创业签证项目 Canada’s Start-Up Visa Program
- 加拿大自雇移民项目 Canadian Immigration Programs for Self-Employed Persons
- 加拿大商业移民途径 Discover your Canadian Business Immigration Options
- 美国到加拿大的留学工作移民途径 Move to Canada from the United States
- 加拿大移民水平计划 Canada’s Immigration Levels Plan 2023-2026
- 性少数群体的加拿大移民途径 Canadian Immigration Options for the LGBTQ2 Community
- 家庭团聚类各项目要求 Family Sponsorship Eligibility Requirements
- 子女或其他受抚养人团聚 Child or Other Dependant Sponsorship
- 加拿大境内配偶担保 Inland Spousal Sponsorship
- 加拿大境外配偶担保 Outland Spousal Sponsorship
- 加拿大联邦技工移民 Federal Skilled Trades (FST) Program
- 加拿大经验类移民 Canadian Experience Class (CEC) Eligibility
- 加拿大联邦技术移民 Federal Skilled Worker (FSW) Program
- 安省雇主担保紧缺职业类 OINP Employer Job Offer In-Demand Skills Stream
- 安省雇主担保国际学生类 OINP Employer Job Offer International Student Stream
- 安省雇主担保海外劳工类 OINP Employer Job Offer Foreign Worker Stream
- 安省快速通道省提名技工类 Ontario’s Express Entry Skilled Trades Stream
- 安省快速通道省提名法语类 Ontario’s Express Entry French-Speaking Skilled Worker Stream
- 安省快速通道省提名优才类 Ontario’s Express Entry Human Capital Priorities Stream
- 安省快速通道省提名 Ontario’s Express Entry Streams
- 新斯科舍省提名劳动力市场优先类 Nova Scotia Labour Market Priorities
- 新斯科舍省提名紧缺职业类 Nova Scotia Occupations in Demand Stream
- 新斯科舍经验类快速通道省提名 Nova Scotia Experience Express Entry (NSEEE)
- 新斯科舍省提名技术工人类 Nova Scotia’s Skilled Worker Stream
- 安省博士毕业生省提名终极指南 OINP-Masters Graduate Ultimate Guide
- 安省硕士毕业生省提名终极指南 OINP-Masters Graduate Ultimate Guide
- 阿省快速通道省提名 Alberta Express Entry Stream
- 阿省机遇类负面职业清单 AOS Ineligible Occupations
- 阿省机遇类别 Alberta Opportunity Stream (AOS)
- 加拿大农业试点项目 Agri-Food Pilot
- 曼省省提名意向表达系统 Manitoba Provincial Nominee Programs Expression of Interest (MPNP-EOI)
- 安省雇主担保 OINP Employer Job Offer
- 安大略省企业家/投资移民 OINP Entrepreneur Stream
- 通过留学移民加拿大 Pathway to Canadian Permanent Residence After Studies
- 安省省提名意向表达系统 Ontario’s Expression of Interest System (OINP-EOI)
- 建议收藏！加拿大联邦自雇移民详解
- 加拿大大西洋移民项目 Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP)
- 移民加拿大 Explore Your Canada Immigration Pathway
- 加拿大家庭团聚移民 Sponsor your Family to Immigrate to Canada
- 加拿大农村和北部社区移民试点计划 Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot（RNIP）
