家庭成员 Definition of Family Members
在现行的加拿大移民法中,只要有一人成功申请移民加拿大,其家庭成员都可以一同移民。家庭成员的定义为:配偶、同居伴侣,以及未满22周岁子女/孙子女等。
Accompanying family member: related to Accompanying dependant, A spouse, common-law partner, dependent child or dependent child of a dependent child (grandchild), who plans to immigrate to Canada with the principal applicant. Accompanying family members are included on the application.
配偶 Spouse
加拿大法律承认同性婚姻,但不承认一夫多妻。只要出具具有法律效应的结婚证,即可被认定为配偶关系。如果结婚证不是英文或法文的,我们可以提供翻译并进行公证。
由于目前中国不承认同性婚姻,也不会给同性夫妻发放结婚证,所以中国的同性伴侣只能前往其他国家或地区领取结婚证。比较方便的国家和地区包括:台湾、美国、加拿大、欧洲等过;大部分国家或地区允许非本国居民办理结婚登记。
Spouse: A legal marriage partner. This term includes both opposite- and same-sex relationships but does not include common-law partnerships.
同居/普通法伴侣 Common-Law Partner
在加拿大现行法律中,同性或异性双方同居一年以上,并像夫妻一样共同生活,即可被视作已经结婚。这种关系称作普通法伴侣 Common-Law Partner。与领取结婚证的夫妻一样,需要承担相应的义务与责任,并享受相同的待遇。加拿大只承认一个同居伴侣,如果在婚姻存续期内有同居伴侣,则必须证明已经分居或离婚。
同居伴侣需要通过递交IMM5409表格(Statutory Declaration of Common-Law Union),并共同宣誓证明双方认可这段关系。在递交移民申请时,通常还需要双方提供共同居住超过1年的证明。包括但不限于显示地址的:水电气账单、信用卡账单、电讯公司账单、租房合同、第三方证词等。
Common-law partner: related to Common-law spouse, A person who has been living with another person in a conjugal relationship for at least one year. The term refers to opposite-sex and same-sex relationships.
事实伴侣 Conjugal Partner
在没有同居也没有登记结婚的情况下,只要双方维持稳定的类似于婚姻的关系,也可以进行团聚移民。这种关系在加拿大法律中称为事实伴侣 Conjugal Partner。需要注意的是,事实伴侣与同居(普通法)伴侣有所区别。通常指一对夫妻或同性伴侣无需正式注册民事或宗教的婚姻,依然在法律上被承认婚姻有效的关系。
在加拿大移民局的眼中,事实伴侣是居住在加拿大境外并与担保人,加拿大永久居民或加拿大公民,有至少一年的“像夫妻”一样的关系。然而,由于无法控制的原因(如性取向,宗教等原因)无法与担保人共同居住。同时,他们之间保持着互相依存的关系且他们已经竭尽全力的在一起。对于中国的大多数同性恋伴侣来说,他们可能是事实伴侣关系。同居伴侣在加拿大视作已经结婚,享受与配偶完全一样的待遇。事实伴侣不能和主申请人一同移民,但在另一方已经是加拿大公民或永久居民的情况下,为其申请团聚移民。
Conjugal partner: related to Conjugal relationship, A person outside Canada who has had a binding relationship with a sponsor for at least one year but could not live with their partner. The term refers to both opposite-sex and same-sex relationships.
受抚养子女 Dependent child
加拿大移民法允许子女陪同父母一起移民。在移民申请递交后,子女的年龄增长不影响其移民资格。加拿大移民法对子女的定义如下:
- 未满22周岁,未婚也没有同居伴侣;
- 年满22周岁,但由于身体残障在22岁以前的某个时间点至今,一直靠父母资助维持生活;
A child who is under the maximum age and is not married or in a common law relationship. Generally, to qualify as dependants, children must
- be under 22 years old
- not have a spouse or common-law partner
Note: a child’s age is usually “locked in” when we get a complete application. Use our online tool to check if your child qualifies as a dependant.
Exception: Children who are at the age limit or older can qualify as “over-age” dependants if they
- have depended on their parents for financial support since before they reached the age limit and
- can’t financially support themselves due to a mental or physical condition
Previous age limits: The age limit has changed in recent years. If your application has been in process for a while, one of the older definitions of dependent child may apply. Generally, we use the rules in place when we get your complete application. Previous age limits for a dependent child:
- From August 1, 2014 to October 23, 2017: under 19 years old
- On or before July 31, 2014: under 22 years old
父母 Parents
申请人的父母,并不是加拿大移民法中承认的家庭成员。因此,父母不能陪同申请人一起移民。家庭成员申报表中也不包括父母的信息材料。如果希望父母来加拿大团聚居住,可以申请父母团聚移民,或超级签证。