加拿大永久居民 Canada Permanent Residence (PR)
加拿大永久居民，是指通过移民申请获批加拿大永久居留权的移民申请人。永久居民与加拿大公民享有很多相同的福利。相较于加拿大公民，永久居民必须通过满足包括居住义务在内的某些特定要求维持其永居身份。
A Canadian permanent resident is someone who has been granted permanent resident status by immigrating to Canada. A permanent resident enjoys many of the same benefits of Canadian citizens. However, unlike citizens, they must maintain their status by meeting certain requirements like the residency obligation.
加拿大永久居民概览 Canadian permanent residence overview
常见问题 FAQs
加拿大永久居民福利 Benefits of Canadian PR status
成为加拿大永久居民，即可享受以下六大项主要福利。
Here are 6 of the major benefits you’ll experience once you become a Canadian permanent resident:
1. 自由迁徙权 The ability to live and work anywhere in Canada
永久居民拥有在加拿大任何地方生活和工作的合法权利。如果新移民在蒙特利尔登录但在多伦多某得更好的就业机会，其完全有权搬家至安省定居。永久居民并不与特定的加拿大雇主或省份绑定。另外，持有加拿大永久居民卡或永久居民旅行证件，永久居民可以自由出入加拿大边境。
Canadian permanent residents have the legal right to live and work anywhere in the country. If a new PR starts off in Montreal but finds a better job in Toronto, they will have every right to move. Permanent residents aren’t tied to a specific employer or province.
Additionally, Canadian permanent residents have the ability to leave and enter Canada’s borders using their Canadian permanent resident card, or permanent resident travel documents (PRTD).
2. 获取全民医疗保健及社会服务 Access to universal healthcare and social services
加拿大医疗保健属于全民医疗，这意味着移民申请人一旦获批永久居留权，即可免费获取医疗保健及社会服务。
Canadian healthcare is universal, which means access to free medical care. Once an individual becomes a permanent resident, they have access to Canada’s healthcare and social services.
3. 家庭团聚移民 Family sponsorship
加拿大永久居民可以申请担保其配偶、普通法同居伴侣、亲生及养子女来加拿大团聚。如果通过快速移民通道申请永久居留权，可以将上述家人作为随行家庭成员包含在最初的申请中，并无需在日后担保上述家庭成员团聚移民。
Permanent residents can apply to sponsor your spouse, common-law partner, and dependent children to join them in Canada. That said, if you immigrate through Express Entry, you can include your family on your initial application so you won’t have to sponsor them later on.
4. 子女免费教育 Free education for children
加拿大永久居民子女可以免费接受教育直至高中毕业。相较于国际留学生，永久居民子女接受高等教育的学费成本也低很多。
Children of Canadian permanent residents can study for free up until secondary school. After graduating, post-secondary school is also much cheaper for permanent residents than it is for international students.
5. 过渡成为加拿大公民 Can transition to Canadian citizenship
获批永久居留权，是成为加拿大公民的第一步。在加拿大居住满五年后，永久居民即有资格申请入籍成为加拿大公民。一旦归化入籍加拿大，作为公民即可参与选举投票、申请加拿大护照，并不再需要续签永久居民身份。
Becoming a permanent resident is the first step to becoming a Canadian citizen. After residing in Canada for three out of five years, PRs are eligible to become citizens. Once a PR has transitioned to Canadian citizenship, they can vote, apply for a Canadian passport, and no longer need to renew their status in the country.
6. 受保护的权利 Protected rights
加拿大永久居民的合法权利受到加拿大法律及《加拿大权利与自由大宪章》的保护。
The rights of Canadian permanent residents are protected under Canadian law and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
永久居民卡（枫叶卡）Permanent resident card (PR Card)
获批加拿大永久居民权后，永久居民可以申请俗称“枫叶卡”的加拿大永久居民卡。持卡人不仅可以以此证明其加拿大永久居民身份，也可持卡入境加拿大。
Once a person becomes a Canadian permanent resident, they are eligible to apply for a Canadian permanent resident card (PR card). This card indicates a person’s PR status in Canada; permanent residents can use the PR card to travel in and out of the country.
枫叶卡更新 Permanent residence card renewal
绝大多数枫叶卡的有效期为五年，个别情况下枫叶卡的有效期仅为一年。加拿大政府敦促永久居民实时确定其枫叶卡到期日期，并在枫叶卡到期后的六个月内申请续签加拿大永久居民卡。
Most permanent resident cards are valid for five years, though occasionally PR cards are only valid for one year. The Canadian government encourages permanent residents keep track of their expiration date and apply to renew their Canadian permanent resident card within six months of their card expiring.
永久居民旅行证件 Permanent Resident Travel Document (PRTD)
身处加拿大境外的永久居民，在没有有效枫叶卡的情况下计划入境加拿大，则可以申请永久居民旅行证件。永居旅行证件持有人通常可以单次入境，允许永久居民在申请枫叶卡或更新枫叶卡前入境加拿大。
If a permanent resident is outside of Canada and wishes to enter Canada, they may apply for a permanent resident travel document (PRTD) if they do not have a valid PR card. The PRTD is usually valid for a single entry to Canada, allowing the permanent resident to enter the country before applying for a PR card, or PR card renewal.
加拿大永久居民居住义务 Canadian permanent residency requirements
只有在履行居住义务的情况下，加拿大永久居民才能保持其永居身份。居住义务是指永久居民在特定时间范围内，在加拿大境内实际居住一定的时间。除某些特定情况外，如果永久居民在成为加拿大永久居民超过 5 年，则在过去 5 年内必须满足在加拿大境内实际居住时间超过 730 天。如果成为加拿大永久居民不超过 5 年，则必须证明在其在成为加拿大永久居民后的 5 年内至少有可能在加拿大境内实际居住超过 730 天。
In order to maintain permanent resident status in Canada, a person must meet a residency obligation. The residency obligation refers to a person’s physical presence inside of Canada for a set amount of time. Canada’s residency obligation for permanent residents requires a person to be physically present inside of Canada for at least 730 days within a five-year period or to fall under one of several exceptions.
加拿大公民身份 Canadian citizenship
希望入籍成为加拿大公民的外籍人士必须满足诸多要求；包括持有加拿大有效的永久居民身份。此外，计划入籍的永久居民需要满足不同的居住义务。请查询我们的网站，了解有关入籍的更多信息。
Foreign nationals wishing to become Canadian citizens must meet several requirements, including having valid permanent resident status in Canada. In addition, permanent residents wishing to become citizens have different residency obligations than those required for permanent resident status renewal. Consult our web resource to learn more about becoming a Canadian citizen.
放弃永久居民身份 Renouncing permanent resident status
加拿大永久居民在枫叶卡过期后，其永久居民身份不会自动失效。永居身份只能通过官方程序进行注销。如果想放弃加拿大永久居民身份，申请人可以提交自愿放弃永居身份的申请。如在明知未能履行居住义务的情况下计划入境加拿大，主动放弃永久居民身份后另行申请签证，可能会节省更多时间。
A Canadian permanent resident does not automatically lose their status when their PR card expires. A permanent resident’s status can only be lost through an official process. If a person wants to renounce their permanent resident status, they may submit an application to voluntarily give up their permanent resident status. This may save time during travels if a person knows they have not met their residency obligation and they intend to travel to Canada.
永居权与公民权是否相同 Is permanent residence the same as citizenship?
加拿大永久居民不是加拿大公民。永久居民不能申请加拿大护照，也不能享有属于加拿大公民的其他福利。与加拿大公民不同，永久居民必须满足某些特定要求才能保持其永居身份。
Canadian permanent residents are not citizens of Canada. Canadian permanent residents cannot apply for a Canadian passport, among other benefits enjoyed by citizens. Unlike Canadian citizens, they are also certain requirements a PR must fulfill to keep their status.
永久居留权是否可被撤销 Can Canadian permanent residence be revoked?
加拿大政府可能由于以下原因，主动撤销永久居民的永居身份：
- 严重的违法犯罪行为；
- 通过虚假陈述获得永久居留权；或
- 无法履行居住义务。
The Canadian government may revoke permanent resident status for one of the following reasons:
- serious criminality;
- if an individual achieved PR status by means of misrepresentation; or
- they are unable to meet their residency obligations
永居身份的有效期多久 How long is Canadian permanent residence valid?
与加拿大其他合法临时身份不同，永久居留身份不会过期。在政府不撤销其永居身份的情况下，加拿大永久居民继续满足居住义务，即可保持其永居身份。
Unlike temporary status in Canada, permanent residence status does not expire. If a Canadian PR continues to meet their residency requirements, and the government does not revoke their status, they will continue to maintain their status as a PR.
永久居民可否离境 Can a permanent resident leave Canada?
加拿大永久居民可以随时离境，但必须继续履行其实际的居住义务。
A permanent resident can leave Canada at any time but must continue to meet their physical presence obligations.
如何成为加拿大永久居民 How can I become a Canadian permanent resident?
移民申请人可以通过很多途径成为加拿大永久居民。例如通过经济技术移民、商业投资移民、团聚担保移民或难民及人道主义移民。填写我们的免费在线评估表，或联系我们的移民规划师进行项目匹配，获取移民规划。
There are many immigration pathways that will enable a person to become a Canadian permanent resident. For example, permanent residence can be achieved through economic immigration, business immigration, sponsorship, or refugee/humanitarian programs. Complete our free online assessment to find out if you’re eligible for Canadian immigration.
