性少数群体移民加拿大 Canadian Immigration Options for LGBTQ2

性少数群体的加拿大移民途径 Canadian Immigration Options for the LGBTQ2 Community

加拿大政府保护和促进性少数群体的人权，在移民问题上给予相同的机会和权利。

根据具体情况，性少数群体可以通过经济类移民项目、家庭团聚类别或难民安置项目移民加拿大。

The government of Canada protects and promotes the human rights of LGBTQ2 individuals and affords members of the LGBTQ2 community the same rights and opportunities as other persons when it comes to immigration issues.

Depending on the circumstances, LGBTQ2 individuals may pursue their Canadian immigration goals through an economic immigration program, through family sponsorship, or, in certain cases, through and refugee resettlement.

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Skilled Worker Programs
Spousal or Common-Law Sponsorship
Refugee Resettlement

技术工人移民项目 Skilled Worker Programs

性少数群体可以在符合条件的情况下，通过技术工人移民项目之一申请永久居留权。其中最受欢迎的项目之一，是基于申请人自身情况通过综合打分系统针对候选人各项条件进行打分排序，并择优发放移民邀请的联邦技术移民（FSW）项目。联邦技术移民候选人无需在加拿大境内累积工作经验，但必须满足一定工作经验、语言能力和教育背景，并能在加拿大实现经济独立。希望定居在魁北克省的移民候选人，可以通过申请条件略有差异的魁省技术工人项目申请移民。

联邦政府允许参与项目的各省和地区，通过省提名项目（PNP）提名符合当地劳动力市场需求的移民候选人，在获得省提名信后申请永久居住权。与联邦政府类似，省级政府根据项目、类别或外籍劳工的差异，采用特定流程和标准评估省提名申请。性少数群体可以通过省提名项目移民加拿大。

还可以通过同为联邦快速通道系统下管理的加拿大经验类（CEC）或联邦技工移民（FST）申请移民。所有技术类移民项目都对性少数群体开放，基于特定的项目标准，而非他们的性别认同与性取向甄选移民候选人。性少数群体的专业技能与工作经验，将对加拿大劳动力市场繁荣与促进经济发展做出贡献。

很多最初持工作许可或学习许可的外籍劳工或国际学生，最终以技术工人身份获批永久居留权并定居在加拿大。

Individuals from the LGBTQ2 community may be eligible to settle in Canada as permanent residents through one of the many skilled worker immigration programs. Of these, one of the most popular is the points-based Federal Skilled Worker (FSW) program. The FSW is for individuals with a certain level of work experience, who are capable of becoming economically established in Canada. For individuals who wish to settle in the province of Quebec, there is the Quebec Skilled Worker Program, with a different set of eligibility requirements.

Canadian provinces and territories also offer a range of immigration options through the Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs). Like the federal government, provincial governments assess applications based on the criteria of a given program, stream, or category for foreign workers, as the case may be. Members of the LGBTQ2 community may immigrate through a PNP.

Other immigration options may be available through the Canadian Experience Class (CEC) or Federal Skilled Trades (FST) Class. FSW, CEC, and FST applications are managed under the Express Entry selection system.

Successful skilled worker applicants who identify as LGBTQ2 will be able to contribute their professional skills and experience to strengthening Canada’s economy and workforce as permanent residents. All skilled worker immigration programs are available for LGBTQ2 members on the basis of various eligibility criteria, without consideration for their gender identity or sexual orientation.

Many individuals who end up settling in Canada as skilled workers initially arrive on a work permit or as an international student.

配偶或同居伴侣担保移民 Spousal or Common-Law Sponsorship

2002年起，同行配偶或同居伴侣有资格申请家庭团聚类移民项目。同时，性少数群体在配偶或伴侣担保方面与其他群体拥有相同的机会与权利。因此，作为性少数群体的加拿大公民或永久居民在满足以下条件时，可以担保他们的合法已婚配偶、同居伴侣或婚外伴侣申请加拿大永久居民权：

加拿大公民或永久居民同意为其伴侣提供担保；
证明双方关系的真实性，并符合加拿大移民部对已婚、同居或婚外伴侣的定义。

In 2002, same-sex partners became eligible to apply to Family Class Sponsorship programs. Members of the LGBTQ2 community have the same opportunities for Spousal or Common-Law Sponsorship as other individuals. Therefore, an LGBTQ2 Canadian citizen or permanent resident may sponsor: their legally married spouse or their common-law or conjugal partner.

To apply, the following requirements must be satisfied:

The Canadian citizen or permanent resident agrees to sponsor their partner; and
The couple demonstrates that their relationship is genuine and meets the definition of common-law or conjugal partner, as set by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).

难民安置 Refugee Resettlement

加拿大致力于保护包括性少数群体在内的境外弱势群体的人权。如果某人由于性别认同、性取向和/或性表达而在返回其祖国时可能面临迫害，则可能成为申请加拿大难民身份或请求庇护的依据。在联合国高级专员、私人赞助者和各种组织团体的协助下，在境外可能遭遇迫害的性少数群体成员，会在加拿大得到安置。

Canada is dedicated to protecting the rights of vulnerable foreign individuals, including members of the LGBTQ2 community. Facing persecution based on gender identity, sexual orientation, and/or gender expression if the person returns to their home country may be a basis for claiming refugee status or asylum in Canada. With assistance from the United Nations High Commissioner, private sponsors, and various organizations, members of the LGBTQ2 community who face persecution abroad may be settled in Canada.

最新进展 Latest Developments

加拿大政府继续推出相关措施，以确保性少数群体在加拿大社会中的平等地位。2017年5月，加拿大移民与难民委员会（IRB）发布了新的指南，以改进对基于性取向、性别认同和性别表达的难民和庇护申请人的评估。这项措施旨在更好地培训工作人员就性别和性取向问题面试申请人，并归纳总结更具同情心的方式对此类申请的名感性进行评估。

2017年8月，加拿大护照上的性别标识也随之发生改变。移民部实施的一项临时措施，允许加拿大公民申请未明确男女，而是标有性别“X”的护照；并逐步推行在所有移民表格和文件上推广未指定性别“X”的标识，以便全面包容所有性别身份和性取向。

The government of Canada continues to develop initiatives to affirm the LGBTQ2’s equal status in Canadian society. In May, 2017, Canada’s Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) released new guidelines to improve the evaluation of refugee claimants and asylum seekers on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression. This measure seeks to better train IRB staff in questioning individuals about gender and sexuality issues, and develops a more compassionate approach to evaluating the sensitive nature of these claims.

Another development occurred in August, 2017 in relation to gender identification on Canadian passports. The interim measure implemented by IRCC allows Canadian citizens to apply for a passport with a gender unspecified ‘X,’ rather than as a male or female. The government of Canada intends to extend the implementation of the unspecified ‘X’ gender designation on all government-issued immigration forms and documents in an effort to become more inclusive of all gender identities and sexual orientations.