加拿大联邦技工移民 Federal Skilled Trades (FST) Program
自2013年起，联邦技工移民项目（FST）为全球范围内具有技工背景的相关人才提供移民途径。
联邦技工移民项目是归属于加拿大快速通道系统管理的三个经济类技术移民项目之一。
该项目为具有技工类经验的移民候选人提供申请永久居民权的机会；候选人还可以选择其他联邦移民项目、省提名项目或魁北克省移民项目。
Since 2013, the Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP) has offered an immigration pathway to global talent with skilled trades backgrounds.
The FST is one of three skilled worker programs management under Canada’s Express Entry system.
Applying through the FST is one of many ways you can pursue permanent residency to Canada as a skilled trades professional. Other options include other federal immigration programs, the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) and immigrate to Quebec.
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文章内容 Table of Contents
什么是联邦技工移民？What is FST program?
联邦技工移民项目，归于加拿大快速通道系统管理，该系统使用综合打分系统（CRS）针对移民候选人各项条件进行打分并排序。一旦入池快速通道，在快速通道综合打分中具备竞争优势的候选人将受邀递交加拿大永久居民权申请。
The Federal Skilled Worker (FSW) program is managed under the Express Entry system and uses the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) to rank candidates who wish to settle permanently in Canada. Once in the pool, applicants with the most competitive CRS scores will receive invitations to apply for Canadian permanent residence.
联邦技工移民项目优势 What are the benefits of the FST?
由于加拿大老龄化和低出生率等原因，加拿大联邦和省级政府在很大程度上依赖联邦技术移民项目吸纳更多具有技工背景的新移民，解决劳动力市场技工类人才短缺问题。技工行业对促进加拿大经济增长至关重要；因此，在联邦快速通道下被成功抽取的联邦技工移民候选人，通常能在六个月内获批永居身份。
由于无需证明自身的教育背景，联邦技工移民候选人的快速通道综合打分可能比其他同在快速通道中的候选人低。因此，联邦移民部会定期针对联邦技工移民进行抽取发放移民邀请。建档入池快速通道，会增加技工类移民候选人获得永居身份的概率。如通过快速通道省提名项目获得提名，则可以在快速通道综合打分系统中获得600分额外加分。几乎可以保证移民候选人可以在下一次抽取中获得移民申请邀请函。
在加拿大境内累积工作经验的联邦技工候选人，更容易快速融入加拿大劳动力市场，并在快速通道中获得更多的综合打分系统分数。加拿大政府和学术界的研究也表明，拥有加拿大经验在获得加拿大永居方面优势显著。在加拿大工作期间累积的知识、人脉、经验和技能，为那些通过联邦技工项目获得永居的新移民在劳动力市场中提供竞争优势。
The FSTP is part of a major effort by federal and provincial governments to welcomed more skilled trades workers to Canada to address labour shortages in trades occupations. Canada has an aging population and low birth rate, which is why it is relying more on immigration to support its labour force and economic growth. The skilled trades is an area of significant need. Immigrating to Canada under the FSTP offers a number of benefits. Under Express Entry, successful FSTP candidates are usually able to obtain their permanent residence within six months.
FSTP candidates may have lower CRS scores than other candidates in the Express Entry pool in part because they are not required to prove their level of education. IRCC, however, occasionally holds program-specific Express Entry draws inviting only FSTP candidates. Entering the Express Entry pool increases your odds of obtaining permanent residence since you can receive a provincial nomination which will all but guarantee your success through Express Entry. A provincial nomination is worth an additional 600 CRS points which means you will very likely eventually receive a permanent residence invitation under Express Entry.
If you are a FSTP candidate with Canadian work experience, you are well-positioned to succeed in the Canadian labour market. IRCC provides more Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) points to candidates who have worked in Canada and also who have studied here.
Research by Canada’s governments as well as academics also shows that having Canadian experience is a major advantage when obtaining permanent residence. The combination of the knowledge, connections, experience, and skills you obtained while working in Canada will provide you with a labour market edge when you obtain permanent residence under the FSTP.
联邦技工移民项目要求 FST Program Requirements
符合联邦技工移民项目要求的候选人，在递交申请前五年内至少累积两年的全职（或同等时长的兼职）技工类工作经验。该工作经验必须在候选人获得居住所在国相关技工证书后累积。技工类行业在加拿大国家职业分类 NOC-TEER 中的代码为：
In order to qualify for FST, a candidate must have at least two years of full-time work experience in a skilled trade (or an equal amount in part-time). This experience must have been obtained within the previous 5 years and only considers work experience obtained after an individual has been granted the certification to practice the trade in their country of residence.
Canada’s National Occupational Classification (NOC) code, defines skilled trades as the following occupation groups:
| 主要组别 Major Group 72 |
技术类技工和运输行业的主管和控制员 不包括次要组别726，运输行业主管和控制员 technical trades and transportation officers and controllers excluding Sub-Major Group 726, transportation officers and controllers |
| 主要组别 Major Group 73 |
一般性技工岗位 general trades |
| 主要组别 Major Group 82 |
自然资源、农业和相关生产领域的主管和技术工作 supervisors in natural resources, agriculture and related production |
| 主要组别 Major Group 83 |
自然资源和相关生产岗位 occupations in natural resources and related production |
| 主要组别 Major Group 92 |
加工、制造和公共事业主管，以及公共事业运营商和控制员 processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors, and utilities operators and controllers |
| 主要组别 Major Group 93 |
中控和过程操作员、飞机装配员和检验员 不包括次要组别932，飞机装配工和飞机装配检验员 central control and process operators and aircraft assembly assemblers and inspectors excluding Sub-Major Group 932, aircraft assemblers and aircraft assembly inspectors |
| 小类组别 Minor Group 6320 |
厨师、屠夫和面包师 cooks, butchers and bakers |
| 岗位职业 Unit Group 62200 |
主厨 chefs |
已累积相关技工行业工作经验的联邦技工移民候选人，还需满足：
- 加拿大就业联系 – 持有至少12个月的有效全职工作聘书，或拥有加拿大省级或地区当局颁发的技工行业资格证书。
- 语言能力 – 在被认可的英语或法语语言测试中，口语和听力达到加拿大语言水平分级 CLB5 或以上；阅读和写作达到加拿大语言水平分级 CLB4 或以上。
- 定居意愿 – 计划定居在除魁北克省以外的地区。
符合全部要求的候选人有资格通过联邦技术移民项目建档并入池快速通道系统。需要注意的是，某些申请人可能由于刑事犯罪或健康原因不准入境加拿大。
If a person does possess the necessary work experience, they also must meet the other eligibility criteria outlined by the FST program:
- Canada Employment Connection: Have a valid offer of full-time employment for a position lasting at least 12-months or a certificate of qualification in their skilled trade which is issued by a Canadian provincial or territorial authority.
- Language Proficiency: Reach a minimum of Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB)5 for speaking and listening; a minimum of CLB5 for reading and writing.
- Residence in Canada: Must intend to live outside of the province of Quebec.
Provided a candidate meets these requirements, they will be eligible to submit an Express Entry profile for the Federal Skilled Trades program. However, candidates should note that they must meet Canada’s basic admissibility requirements. Certain criminal offences and medical conditions may make a person inadmissible to Canada.
联邦技工移民申请流程 FST Application Procedure
符合上述全部项目要求的候选人可以向加拿大移民、难民和公民部（IRCC）提交快速通道系统档案。建档入池快速通道，并不能保证移民候选人获得加拿大永久居留权；但只有入池后，才能基于快速通道综合打分系统获得评分，有可能在未来的快速通道抽取中受邀递交移民申请。联邦技术移民候选人在快速通道系统建档时需要提供以下文件：
- 语言测试成绩
有意入池快速通道系统的候选人，必须提供2年内有效的被加拿大政府认可的语言测试成绩。被认可的英语语言能力测试包括培训类雅思和思培；被认可的法语语言能力测试包括TEF和ECF。测试结果将被折算成加拿大语言水平分级 CLB。 - 身份文件
候选人需要提供身份证明文件上的个人信息，主申请人及其随性家庭成员都应持有有效护照。
尽管学历证明并非申请联邦技工移民项目的必要材料，但候选人如需获得学历在快速通道综合打分系统得分，则必须提供：
- 学历评估（ECA）
联邦技工移民候选人必须提供有效的学历评估报告，证明其在加拿大境外取得的学历按加拿大标准对应的价值，以便获得快速通道中有关学历的得分。共有五个加拿大机构被授权出具学历评估报告。此外，在加拿大取得的学历无需进行学历认证。
If a person meets these requirements, they can submit an Express Entry profile to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). Submitting an Express Entry profile does not guarantee a candidate will receive Canadian permanent residence. Only after submitting an Express Entry profile will a candidate be assigned a CRS score and be considered in future Express Entry draws for Invitations to Apply (ITAs) for permanent residence.
When submitting an Express Entry profile, an FST candidate will be required to provide information from several documents:
- Language Proficiency Test Results
All candidates under the Express Entry programs must provide results from an approved language test taken within the previous two years. Accepted tests for English include the IELTS exam, and the CELPIP exam (only available in Canada). Accepted tests for French include the Test d’Évaluation de Français (TEF) and the Test de connaissance du français pour le Canada (TCF Canada). - Identification Documents
Candidates will be required to provide information from identification documents. Ideally, a candidate and all accompanying family members should possess passports valid for travel.
Though educational documents are not required for FST, an applicant must have certain documentation in order to claim points for education:
- Educational Credentials Assessment (ECA)
In order to claim points for education, an FST candidate must provide a valid ECA report attesting to the value of foreign education by Canadian standards. There are five organizations in Canada authorized to issue ECA reports. This is not required for educational credentials obtained from a Canadian educational institution.
申请联邦技工移民需要达到怎样的语言要求？What language requirements do I need to meet for the FST?
候选人需要参加由加拿大移民部指定的第三方标准化英语或法语测试。测试成绩自收到移民邀请并递交完整移民申请材料之日往前计算，两年内有效。候选人语言能力需达到：
- 口语和听力，达到加拿大语言水平分级 CLB5 级或以上
- 阅读和写作，达到加拿大语言水平分级 CLB4 级或以上
You need to take an English and/or French test by a third party language tester that has been designated by IRCC. If you receive an invitation to apply for permanent residence, your test results can not be older than two years old on the day you submit your permanent residence application. You need to meet the following requirements at a minimum on your test(s):
- at least a CLB 5 (English) or a NCLC 5 (French) for speaking and listening
- at least a CLB 4 (English) or a NCLC 4 (French) for reading and writing
什么是联邦技工岗位资格证书？What is a certificate of qualification for the FST?
在加拿大从事大部分技工类工作，都需要通过资格考试并取得岗位资格证书，并符合所在省份或地区从事该技工岗位的所有要求。岗位资格证书一般由省级或地区的技工行业管理机构或联邦政府颁发。
A certificate of qualification demonstrates a person is qualified to practice a skilled trade in Canada. They have passed a certified exam and meet all the requirements to practice the trade in a specific provinces or territory. The certificate you get will be issued by the body that governs trades in the given province or territory or by a federal government authority.
如何获得联邦技工岗位资格证书？How can I get a certificate of qualification for the FST?
根据加拿大宪法，省份和地区政府在教育和培训等方面实行自治。这意味着它们通常负责制定在其管辖区内，从事技工类行业相关工作的具体要求。移民候选人所选定省份或地区负责管理技术工种的监管机构需要评估候选人的技能、工作经验、培训，并确定其是否有资格参加考试以获得资质认证。
候选人可能需要亲自前往该省份或地区参加资质认证考试。此外，在参加考试前，候选人可能还需参加加拿大雇主提供的专项培训。某些工种不受省级或地区政府监管（例如，机修技师）。此种情况下，该工种可能受到联邦法规的监管。如需获取在加拿大获取技工类岗位资质认证的更多信息，请点击政府网站查看。
Under Canada’s Constitution, provinces and territories are responsible for education and training. This means they are usually in charge of setting the requirements to practice a skilled trade in their jurisdiction. The regulatory organization that is responsible for governing your skilled trade in the province or territory of your choice needs to assess your skills, trades experience, training, and determine if you are eligible to write an exam to be certified.
You will likely need to physically travel to the province or territory to write the exam for certification. In addition, you may need an employer in Canada to train you and provide you with work experience before you write the exam. There are some trades that are not regulated by a province or territory (e.g., airplane mechanic). If this is the case, your skilled trade may fall under federal regulation. More information on how to get your credentials assessed in Canada can be found on this government website.
联邦技工移民是否需要获得工作聘书？Do you need a job offer under the FST?
不需要。尽管如此，只有在没有获取加拿大省级或地区政府颁发的技术工种从业资格证书的情况下，才需获取加拿大雇主提供的有效工作聘书。
No. However, a job offer is required if you do not have a certificate of qualification in your skilled trade that has been issued by a province or territory in Canada.
什么是联邦技工移民认可的有效工作聘书？What is an eligible job offer under the FST?
符合联邦技工移民的工作聘书必须符合：来自至多两个加拿大雇主、全职（每周至少30小时），以及期限至少一年。虽有意外，但通常情况下工作聘书需要劳动力市场影响评估（LMIA）的支持。劳动力市场影响评估，是由加拿大就业及社会发展部针对加拿大雇主聘用外籍劳工对加拿大劳动力市场产生潜在影响的评估文件。
A job offer is eligible under the FSTP if it is full-time employment from up to two employers in Canada for a minimum of 30 hours per week. The job offer needs to be for at least one year in duration. Job offers usually require a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) however there are exceptions. LMIAs are used by the federal government to verify that the hiring of foreign nationals does not have a negative impact on the Canadian job market.
联邦技工移民项目对工作经验有什么要求？What work experience can I use towards the FST's requirement?
只有在所在地区取得从业资质的情况下，才能将在该岗位取得的工作经验计入联邦技工项目。例如，在第一个国家获得从业资质并累积工作经验；之后移居到另一个国家并从事相关工作。只有在第二个国家取得相关从业资质，才能将在第二个国家取得的工作经验计入联邦技工移民项目所要求的工作经验。
Under the FSTP, you can only count work experience in a trade if you were qualified to practice that trade in the region where you obtained the work experience.
For example, you may have been qualified in one country and got work experience there. If you then moved to another country to work, you could only count the work experience you gained in that country if you also got certified by the relevant authority to practice there.
快速通道综合打分较低，是否可以申请联邦技工移民？Should I apply under the FST even if I have a low EE score?
由于无需证明自身的教育背景，联邦技工移民候选人的快速通道综合打分可能比其他同在快速通道中的候选人低。因此，联邦移民部会定期针对联邦技工移民进行抽取发放移民邀请。免费建档入池快速通道，会增加技工类移民候选人获得永居身份的概率。
如通过快速通道省提名项目获得提名，则可以在快速通道综合打分系统中获得600分额外加分。几乎可以保证移民候选人可以在下一次抽取中获得移民申请邀请函。
Applying through Express Entry increases your chances of obtaining permanent residence. Even if you have a low CRS score, you get the opportunity to receive a provincial nomination if you are in the Express Entry pool. A provincial nomination will get you 600 extra CRS points and virtually guarantee you will receive a permanent residence invitation through Express Entry.
Keep in mind it is also free to create an Express Entry profile. You can create an Express Entry profile and also apply to other immigration programs as well.
如要申请联邦技工移民，如何提高快速通道综合打分？How can I improve my EE CRS score through the FST?
通过以下方式，可以有效提高候选人在快速通道综合打分系统中的得分：
- 获取加拿大雇主提供的有效工作聘书
- 确保获得快速通道综合打分系统中的每项得分（例如，针对加拿大境外教育背景进行学历评估）
- 在加拿大取得学历或累积工作经验
- 提高英语或法语能力，提高标化考试成绩
- 如配偶或伴侣的快速通道综合打分更高，更换其作为移民主申请人
Among the ways you can improve your CRS score include:
- Secure an eligible job offer
- Claim all the CRS points you are eligible for (e.g., if applicable, get an Educational Credential Assessment If you obtained eligible foreign education)
- Obtain an eligible academic credential in Canada and/or work in Canada
- Prepare adequately for your English or French language test and retake it until you are satisfied with your score
- If applicable, have your spouse or partner as the principal applicant if they have a higher CRS score
获邀递交联邦技工移民申请，是否需要提供资金证明？Do I need to show proof of funds under the FST?
是的。申请人在向加拿大移民部提交移民申请时，需证明其拥有的安家资金足以支持他们及其随行家庭成员在加拿大定居后的基本生活。在加拿大可以合法就业且已有工作安排的申请人可以豁免定居资金要求。
Yes. You need to show IRCC you have enough settlement funds to support yourself and your family (if applicable) upon completing your permanent residence landing in Canada. However, this requirement is waived if you are legally able to work in Canada and have an eligible job offer.
什么是省级提名项目以及如何获取提名？What is a provincial nomination and how can I get one?
加拿大宪法规定，移民事务由联邦政府和省政府共同管辖；这是所有省提名项目的法律基础。这种双轨移民制度，为在加拿大境内及海外的技术工人提供联邦和省级移民途径。加拿大联邦移民部门，即移民、难民及公民事务部（IRCC），管理包括快速通道（如，联邦技工移民）在内的整个移民系统和各类移民项目。
通过省提名项目，加拿大全境十省三地区都有权利提名那些能够满足当地经济发展所需要的技术人才，作为候选人获得省提名信；并最终通过向联邦移民局申请获批永居身份。
省提名项目的申请流程主要分为如下两类：普通纸质省提名，和快速通道省提名。两种省提名申请流程截然不同、不能混用。普通纸质省提名项目，无需申请人在快速移民通道系统中建档。如果申请人通过快速通道省提名项目获得提名，则可以在快速通道综合打分系统中获得600分额外加分。几乎可以保证移民候选人可以在下一次抽取中获得移民申请邀请函。
Under Canada’s Constitution, the federal government and provinces and territories share the authority to select and settle new immigrants. Canada’s federal immigration department, IRCC, manages the overall immigration system including Express Entry, and various programs such as the FSTP.
In addition, the provinces and territories operate their own selection programs for skilled workers. Quebec operates its own system. Most other provinces and territories operate the Provincial Nominee Program. Under the PNP, each province or territory can “nominate” immigration candidates who meet their requirements. Immigration candidates with a provincial nomination then have their permanent residence applications processed by IRCC.
You can get a provincial nomination two ways. You can apply directly to a province or territories’ PNP. You can also enter the Express Entry pool if you are eligible for the FSTP or another program, and potentially receive an invitation by a province or territory to apply to their PNP. This will give you 600 extra CRS points which will almost guarantee you will get a permanent residence invitation by IRCC under Express Entry.
相关链接 Related Links
- 加拿大联邦技工移民 Federal Skilled Trades (FST) Program
- 加拿大经验类移民 Canadian Experience Class (CEC) Eligibility
- 加拿大联邦技术移民 Federal Skilled Worker (FSW) Program
- 快速移民通道双学历加分 Dual-Credentials
- 快速通道职业定向邀请 Category-Based Selection
- 联邦技术移民六项打分系统 Federal Skilled Worker Six Selection Factors (Eligibility Points)
- 如何在快速移民通道中建档 How to Create an Online Express Entry Profile
- 快速通道抽分历史 Express Entry Immigration Draws（EE Draws）
- 快速通道综合打分系统 Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS)
- 移民邀请函与电子永居申请 Invitation to Apply for PR (ITAs) & the electronic Application for PR (eAPR)
