国际人才流动项目 （劳动力市场评估豁免）International Mobility Program (IMP): LMIA-Exempt Foreign Workers
许多外国公民无需进行劳动力市场评估（LMIA）即可在加拿大境内合法工作。
豁免劳动力市场评估的外籍劳工归属于国际流动计划（IMP）。豁免劳动力市场评估，并不意味着无需获得工作许可。
Many foreign nationals do not need a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) to work in Canada.
LMIA-exempt foreign workers fall under what is called the International Mobility Program (IMP). Being exempt from an LMIA does not mean the individual is exempt from obtaining a work permit.
文章内容 Table of Contents
国际人才流动项目概览 International Mobility Program Overview
需要加拿大政府对劳动力市场进行测试，即进行劳动力市场影响评估（LMIA）才能获取工签的外籍劳工归属于临时外籍劳工计划（TFWP）。反之，无需劳动力市场影响评估的外籍劳工归属于国际人才流动计划（IMP）。临时外籍劳工计划的目的，是协助加拿大雇主在没有合适的本地劳工可以胜任或填补岗位空缺时可以聘用外籍劳工。国际人才流动项目，则是为了促进加拿大国家层面广泛的经济、社会和文化礼仪。
由于国际人才流动项目政策的目标更加广泛，因此加拿大政府不针对归属于该项目下辖任何分支的外籍劳工进行劳动力市场影响评估程序。常见豁免劳动力市场影响评估的国际人才流动项目分支罗列如下：
Foreign workers that require the Canadian government’s labour market test, known as the Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) fall under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP). Conversely, foreign workers that do not require an LMIA fall under the International Mobility Program (IMP). The purpose of the TFWP is to enable employers in Canada to hire foreign workers when there are no suitable workers in Canada to do the job. The purpose of the IMP is to promote Canada’s broad economic, social, and cultural interests.
Since the IMP’s policy goals are broader, the Canadian government does not use the LMIA process on foreign nationals who fall under any of the IMP’s streams. Some of the most common LMIA-exempt streams under the International Mobility Program (IMP) are outlined below. This page is divided into the following sections:
- Significant Benefit (Canadian Interests)
- Reciprocal Employment (International Agreements)
- Charitable and Religious workers
通过国际人才流动项目聘用外劳 Hire a Foreign Worker through the IMP
加拿大雇主通过国际人才流动项目聘用外籍劳工，必须遵从以下三个步骤：
- 确认有关岗位或外籍劳工符合劳动力市场影响评估豁免资格；
- 支付雇主合规费，$230加币；
- 通过国际人才流动项目雇主通道，递交正式聘书。
只有完成上述三个步骤，外籍劳工才能通过国际人才流动项目申请加拿大工作许可。符合劳动力市场影响评估豁免条件的外籍劳工如果即将入职的岗位符合加拿大国家职业分类中的0类或A类，且从加拿大境外递交申请，或有资格通过全球技能战略政策获得工作许可的快速审批。
In order to hire a foreign worker through the IMP, a Canadian employer must follow three steps:
- Confirm the position or worker in question qualifies for an LMIA-exemption;
- Pay the employer compliance fee of $230 CAD;
- Submit the official job offer through the IMP’s Employer Portal.
Only after completing these three steps will the foreign national be eligible to apply for their own work permit. LMIA-exempt workers may qualify for expedited work permit processing through the Global Skills Strategy if their position is NOC Skill Level A or 0 and they are applying from outside of Canada.
国家重大利益 Significant Benefit
除本节所述下列情况外，签证官在评估是否向外国公民签发无需劳动力市场影响评估的工作许可时具有一定的灵活性。主要根据申请人的工作，对国家整体产生潜在显著社会或文化利益的可能性。此种情况下，外国公民的工作成果对加拿大的贡献显著且至关重要。签证官会根据该领域中富有名望、可信度高或拥有杰出成就的专家所提供的证词，以及其他客观证据签发工签。外国公民的过往记录是其成就水平的良好体现。“显著社会或文化利益”的客观衡量标准如下：
- 拥有其领域相关的大学、学院、学校或其他教育机构颁发的学位、文凭、证书或类似奖项的正式学术记录；
- 来自现任或前雇主提供的相关证明，证明其拥有其受聘岗位显著的全职经验（此背景下，显著意为十年以上）；
- 曾荣获国家级，或国际级奖项或专利；
- 提供作为某要求其成员具备卓越能力的组织成员的身份证明；
- 曾担任他人工作的评审；
- 提供同业、政府组织、专业协会或商业协会对其重大成就和贡献认可的证明；
- 提供在某领域的科学或学术贡献的证明；
- 所撰写的文章在学术或行业出版物中进行发表；和/或
- 在具有卓越剩余的组织中担任领导角色的证明；
Apart from the situations outlined below in this section, Canadian visa officers have a degree of flexibility in assessing whether the issuance of a work permit to a foreign national is desirable without the need for an LMIA to be secured. This is known as significant social or cultural benefit.
The foreign national’s proposed benefit to Canada through his or her work must be significant, meaning it must be important or notable. Officers typically rely on the testimony of credible, trustworthy, and distinguished experts in the foreign national’s field, as well as any objective evidence provided. The foreign national’s past record is a good indicator of his or her level of achievement. Objective measures for “significant social or cultural benefit”:
- an official academic record showing that the foreign national has a degree, diploma, certificate, or similar award from a college, university, school, or other institution of learning relating to the area of their ability;
- evidence from current or former employers showing that the foreign national has significant full time experience in the occupation for which he or she is sought (significant in this context can be taken to mean ten or more years experience);
- has been the recipient of national or international awards or patent;
- evidence of membership in organizations requiring excellence of its members;
- having been the judge of the work of others;
- evidence of recognition for achievements and significant contributions to the field by peers, governmental organizations, or professional or business associations;
- evidence of scientific or scholarly contributions to the field by the foreign national;
- publications authored by the foreign national in academic or industry publications; and.or
- leading role of the foreign national in an organization with a distinguished reputation.
企业家/自雇人士 Entrepreneurs/Self-Employed Persons
计划在加拿大创业或经营私人业务的自雇人士，有可能豁免劳动力市场影响评估（LMIA）。符合条件的企业家或自雇人士，必须是其在加拿大经营业务的唯一或主要股东，同时需要证明其经营的业务会对加拿大产生显著的利益。只有证明企业家或自雇人士在加拿大的工作属于临时性质时，才有资格获得无需劳动力市场影响评估的工作许可。此类别特别适用于季节性较强的私营业主。
已经递交加拿大永居申请的企业家或自雇人士，也有可能符合申请豁免劳动力市场影响评估工作许可的条件。同样也需要证明，其在加拿大的工作具有临时属性。
An LMIA exemption may be granted to private entrepreneurs who wish to come to Canada temporarily in order to start or operate a business. Applicants to one of these programs must be the sole or majority owners of the business they wish to pursue in Canada. They will also have to demonstrate that their business will be of significant benefit to Canada. Entrepreneurs are only eligible for LMIA-exempt work permits if they can demonstrate that their work in Canada is temporary in nature. This category is particularly well suited to owners of seasonal businesses.
Entrepreneurs who have already applied for Canadian permanent residence may also qualify for LMIA-exempt work permits in this category. Entrepreneurs are only eligible for LMIA-exempt work permits if they can demonstrate that their work in Canada is temporary in nature.
跨国公司内部调派 Intra-Company Transferees
跨国公司内部调派员工临时到加拿大就职，可以豁免申请劳动力市场影响评估。调派人员必须是高管、经理或具备特殊知识技能的专业人员，且就职的外国企业必须与加拿大本地企业有被认可的商业往来。
Intra-Company Transferees may be granted an LMIA exemption for a temporary transfer to Canada. Transferees must be considered executives, managers, or specialized knowledge workers, and must work for a foreign company with a qualifying relationship to the company in Canada.
外籍劳工随行家属 Dependents Of Foreign Workers
持有技术岗位工作许可的外国公民，其配偶和子女无需申请劳动力市场影响评估。该政策不适用于参与国际交流项目的外籍劳工。
Spouses and children of Foreign Workers holding a Canadian work permit for a skilled position do not require an LMIA. Please note that this does not apply to the spouses of workers on an International Exchange Program.
法语技术工人 French-Speaking Skilled Workers
联邦政府与法语少数社区之间，会通过协调推广法语移民宣传活动。通过此种活动招募的外国公民，如果计划前往魁北克省以外地区定居，且应聘岗位符合国家职业分类（NOC）中0、A、B类要求，即有可能通过“法语流动计划”，无需劳动力市场影响评估在加拿大合法就业。
Foreign nationals who have been recruited through a francophone immigration promotional event coordinated between the federal government and Francophone minority communities, and who are destined for a province or territory outside of Quebec and qualified under a National Occupational Classification (NOC) 0, A or B, may be eligible to work in Canada through Mobilité Francophone.
学者 Academics
包括研究人员、客座讲师和访问教授在内的学者。
This includes researchers, guest lecturers, and visiting professors.
省级劳动力市场影响评估豁免 Provincial LMIA Exemptions
以申请永居身份为目的获得省提名，并在该省获得工作邀请的外籍劳工，可能无需申请劳动力市场影响评估。
Workers nominated by a province for permanent residence and who have obtained a job offer in that province may be exempt from the need for an LMIA.
双边互惠就业协定 Reciprocal Employment
双边互惠就业协定，允许外国公民在加拿大合法就业。反之，加拿大公民也有在协议国合法就业的机会。
Reciprocal employment agreements allow foreign workers to take up employment in Canada when Canadians have similar reciprocal work opportunities abroad.
国际协定 International Agreements
很大一部分的劳动力市场影响评估豁免工签，是基于加拿大与其他国家之间签署的国际协议进行签发。在双边互惠前提下，符合特定条件的外籍劳工可以前往加拿大工作，反之亦然。加拿大已就下列自由贸易协定进行谈判，每项协定都包含一系列的劳动力市场影响评估豁免：
- 北美自由贸易协定（NAFTA）
- 加拿大-智利/秘鲁/哥伦比亚/韩国自由贸易协定
- 加拿大-欧盟综合经济与贸易协定（CETA）
- 服务贸易总协定（GATS）
A significant number of LMIA-exemptions are available through international agreements between Canada and other countries. Certain types of employees can transfer to Canada from other countries, and vice versa, if they are able to demonstrate this will have a positive impact. Canada has negotiated the following Free Trade Agreements, each encompassing a range of LMIA-exemptions:
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- Canada-Chile FTA / Canada-Peru FTA / Canada-Colombia FTA / Canada-Korea FTA
- Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA)
- General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
国际交换项目 International Exchange Programs
加拿大参与了多个国际青年交流项目，其中包括加拿大国际经验计划（IEC）工作假期签证、学生实习项目、青年专业人士项目以及教师交流项目等。参与这些项目的外国公民无需申请劳动力市场影响评估批文。
Canada is a participant in a number of programs for international youth exchange. Such programs include the International Experience Canada (IEC) Working Holiday Visa, Student Co-op programs, Young Professionals programs, and teacher exchange programs. These programs are exempt from the need for an LMIA.
慈善及宗教活动 Charitable and Religious Work
慈善人士 Charitable Workers
加拿大将“慈善”定义为，以救济贫困、促进教育或其他对社区有益为根本目的的行为活动。因此，某些慈善人士可以豁免劳动力市场影响评估获得工作许可。在加拿大税局（CRA）注册为“慈善机构”，是体现组织机构具有慈善性质的强有力证据。然而，外国公民为某些未经注册为慈善机构的组织工作，也有可能无需进行劳动力市场影响评估。此种情况下，签证官可能要求雇主提供额外信息。
加拿大政府将需要工签的慈善工作者和可以豁免工签的志愿者加以区分。志愿者不会进入加拿大劳动力市场，其在加拿大志愿工作的实际性质是其访客身份的附加。而慈善工作者通常从事符合“就业性质”的活动，并可能在加拿大劳动力市场中获得薪酬。因此，其需要获得工作签证，但无需进行劳动力市场影响评估。
In the Canadian context, charity is defined as the relief of poverty, advancement of education or certain other purposes that benefit the community. As such, certain charitable workers do not require an LMIA in order to enter the Canadian labour market temporarily.
Being registered with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) as a charity is a strong indicator that an organization is indeed charitable in nature. However, foreign workers may be able to work in Canada for an organization under this LMIA-exempt provision that is not registered with the CRA; the visa officer may request additional information from the employer in such an instance.
The government of Canada draws a distinction between a charitable worker, who needs a work permit, and a volunteer worker, who is work-permit exempt. A volunteer worker does not enter the labour market and his or her presence in Canada is incidental to the main purpose of the visit A charitable worker, on the other hand, usually takes a position involving an activity that meets the definition of work and may be compensated for his or her work in Canada. As a result, he or she needs a work permit, though the LMIA process is not required.
宗教人士 Religious Workers
宗教人士是指，作为特定宗教社区一员推广特定信仰，或具备按照雇主要求教授或传播特定宗教信仰能力的外国公民。获得此类豁免劳动力市场影响评估工签的外国公民，其工作职责是达成特定的宗教目标。例如：提供宗教教育或推广特定的宗教信仰。此类工作的具体内容包括传教，以及举行相关的宗教仪式。
Religious work normally entails a requirement for the foreign national to be part of, or share, the beliefs of the particular religious community where he or she intends to work, or to have the ability to teach or share other religious beliefs, as required by the employer.
For this LMIA-exempt category, the primary duties of the foreign national should reflect a particular religious objective, for example the provision of religious instruction or promotion of a particular religion or faith.
The work should involve advancing the spiritual teachings of a religious faith, as well as maintaining the doctrines and spiritual observances on which those teachings are based.
额外豁免情况 Additional LMIA-Exemptions
尽管大部分劳动力市场影响评估豁免，是基于国际协议或加拿大国家利益，但除此之外还有一些例外。某些情况下，劳动力市场影响评估豁免是出于人道主义或同情原因。此外，某些移民候选人也可能有资格申请劳动力市场影响评估豁免工作许可。
While the majority of LMIA-exemptions are granted due to either international agreements or Canadian interest, there are a number of LMIA-exemptions outside of these categories. In some cases, LMIA-exemptions are granted for humanitarian and compassionate reasons. As well, certain candidates for Canadian permanent residency may be eligible to apply for LMIA-exempt work permits.
联系优途安加获取签证移民法律协助 Contact the UtoImmigration for Assistance
优途安加签证移民事务所作为加拿大专注提供签证移民解决方案的领导机构之一，拥有超过13年的经验，以及一支包含移民律师、助理律师、持牌移民顾问等三十余名法律人士在内的专业团队。致力于帮助客户实现移民加拿大的诉求。我们的专业领域包括技术移民、商业移民、家庭团聚、工作许可、学习许可，入籍与拒签上诉。
Utoimmigration.com 作为优途安加的在线平台，自2012年上线以来逐步发展成全球范围内最值得信赖的加拿大移民线上资源平台之一。与我们取得联系，以便我们协助您实现下列移民需求：
UtoImmigration Law Firm is one of Canada’s leading immigration law firms. We have over 13 years of experience and feature a team of over 30 Canadian immigration attorneys, paralegals, and other dedicated professionals. We are dedicated to helping people achieve their Canadian immigration goals. We assist in areas including skilled worker and business immigration, family sponsorship, work permits, study permits, citizenship, and inadmissibility.
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相关链接 Related Links
- 认可雇主试点项目 Recognized Employer Pilot
- 劳动力市场影响评估批文广告要求 LMIA Advertising Requirements
- 加拿大开放式工作许可 Open Work Permits
- 毕业后工签终极指南 The Ultimate Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) Guide
- 加拿大全球人才计划 Canada Global Talent Stream (GTS)
- 加拿大临时外籍劳工项目 Temporary Foreign Worker Program
- 劳动力市场影响评估批文 Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA)
- 跨国公司内部调派 Intra-Company Transfers
- 国际体验计划 International Experience Canada (IEC)
- 配偶开放式工签 Spouse Open Work Permit (SOWP)
- 桥梁开放式工签 Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP)
- 北美自由贸易协定工作许可 NAFTA Work Permits
- 加拿大-欧盟综合经济与贸易协定工作许可 CETA Work Permits
- 加拿大国际人才流动项目 International Mobility Program (IMP)
- 简化版劳动力市场影响评估（魁北克省）Facilitated LMIA (Quebec)
