加拿大移民、难民及公民部 Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)
加拿大移民、难民和公民部(IRCC),是主要负责吸纳新移民、为难民提供保护,并为新移民提供安置协助的联邦层级移民管理机构。
移民部还负责授予公民身份、向加拿大公民发放包括护照在内的旅行证件,并促进多元文化发展。
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) is the federal department that facilitates the arrival of immigrants to Canada, provides protection to refugees, and offers programming to help newcomers settle in Canada.
IRCC also grants citizenship, issues travel documents (such as passports) to Canadians, and promotes multiculturalism.
文章内容 Table of Contents
加拿大移民部概览 Overview
2015年11月,新一届政府上台后将加拿大公民与移民部(CIC)更名为加拿大移民、难民和公民部(英文简称“IRCC”,中文简称“移民部”)。尽管这个由加拿大移民、难民与公民部长领导的联邦政府部门仍在某些情况下仍然使用缩写“CIC”,但现政府执政后,官方出版物和通讯中越加倾向使用“IRCC”。
将“难民”加入联邦政府移民管理机构官方名称,反映了现任政府对人道主义和吸纳难民称为新移民的更大关注。话虽如此,但政府多次表明加拿大将继续保持对技术移民和家庭团聚的开放态度,并坚持吸纳更多新移民。没有证据表明,本届政府将削弱经济类移民或家庭团计划;实际上,政府已增加拨款用以优化移民项目并缩短审理周期。
为避免混淆,任何个人或关联机构都应注意,“CIC”和“IRCC”并非两个独立部门。如果任何文档或出版物同时出现上述两个名称,实则是指同一个部门。加拿大移民、难民和公民部,作为存在了许多年的加拿大移民和公民部的继任部门,在使命和业务上略作调整因而更名。然而,“CIC”这个名称仍会在很长一段时间内,被包括省级或地区政府在内的利益相关政府机构继续使用。
IRCC used to be known as Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC). Usage of the new name for this federal government department began soon after a new Canadian government took office in November, 2015. The department is led by the Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship.
While the acronym ‘CIC’ continues to be used in some cases, it has become increasingly apparent over the first few months of the present government’s mandate that ‘IRCC’ is preferred in official publications and communications.
The addition of the word ‘refugees’ in the official name of the government department reflects the government’s increased focus on humanitarian and refugee immigration to Canada. That being said, the government has made it clear that Canada will maintain an open and welcoming immigration policy for skilled immigrants and family class programs. There is no evidence to suggest that economic immigration or family reunification is less important to this government than its predecessors; indeed, the government has pledged to increase funding allocated to IRCC to improve program delivery and processing times.
To avoid any confusion, individuals and stakeholders should note that CIC and IRCC are not two separate departments. If documents or publications refer to CIC in one instance and IRCC in another, they are actually referring to the same department. IRCC is not so much a new department, but the successor to one that has existed for many years; CIC has had its mandate slightly modified and been renamed as IRCC. However, the name CIC may continue to be used for some time by some stakeholders, such as Canadian provincial and territorial governments.
移民事务 Immigration
联邦政府部门官方名称中的“移民”一词,直接指出加拿大会持之以恒的,构建和维护对国人和新移民都有利的移民吸纳政策。从传统意义而言,加拿大本就是一个具有进步、开放移民政策的移民国家;目前大多数的加拿大居民都能在短短几代内追溯到外国血统。由于正在面临的人口结构挑战,以及希望保证经济系统安全的情况下实现强劲的增长,移民政策可能会继续在加拿大未来的国家发展中发挥举足轻重的作用。
点击查询如何移民加拿大。
The ‘Immigration’ portion of the department title refers to Canada’s efforts to build and maintain a policy of welcoming newcomers in a way that is beneficial to Canadians and newcomers alike. Canada has traditionally been a country with a progressive, open immigration policy, with most Canadians being able to trace foreign ancestry within just a few generations. As Canada faces a demographic challenge and wishes to have strong economic growth and security, immigration is likely to continue to play an important role in Canada’s future.
To learn more about immigration to Canada, click here.
难民事务 Refugees
联邦政府部门官方名称中的“移民”一词反映了两个主要因素。首先,近年来世界某些地区的不稳定和矛盾冲突导致全球难民数量增加。很多个人和家庭因此被迫流离失所,常常处于危难的境地。根据联合国难民署估计,截至2015年6月,世界范围内有超过6,000万难民。
第二个因素在于,当前执政的加拿大政府坚持以同情的立场快速应对难民问题。2015年加拿大联邦选举期间,特鲁多和其他自由党领袖坚持认为,加拿大解决全球难民问题的最佳行动方针,是通过投入更多额外资源、努力增加难民安置数量,并为难民提供长期稳定安全的居住环境与生存机会。
The ‘Refugees’ portion of IRCC is a reflection of two principal factors. First, instability and conflict over recent years in some regions of the world has led to an increase in the number of refugees globally. These individuals and families have been forced from their homes and are often in extremely vulnerable situations. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimates that as of June, 2015, there are 60 million refugees in the world.
The second factor to consider is that the current government has approached this issue rapidly and with a certain degree of compassion. Over the course of the Canadian federal election campaign in 2015, Trudeau and other prominent Liberal Party members maintained that the best course of action for Canada and international refugees would be for Canada to increase the number of refugees settled in the country and provide additional resources to ensure security and opportunities for refugees over the long term.
公民事务 Citizenship
加拿大移民政策的显著特点之一,是为那些做出重大人生决定并移民加拿大的个人与家庭提供成为加拿大公民的途径。作为移民之路的一个重要里程碑,入籍并成为加拿大公民往往使人情感波动、触及心灵。顾名思义,公民身份事务也是加拿大移民、难民及公民部(IRCC)的重要职能范围之一。
点击查询成为加拿大公民需要满足的基本条件,以及公民身份所对应的权利、责任和义务。
One of the defining characteristics of Canada’s immigration policy is that it provides a pathway to Canadian citizenship for individuals who make the major life decision to immigrate to Canada. Becoming a Canadian citizen and joining the Canadian family is very often a humbling and emotional benchmark in an immigrant’s life. Citizenship remains an important component of IRCC, as it was before the department was renamed.
To learn more about eligibility requirements for Canadian citizenship, as well as the rights and responsibilities that citizenship confers on an individual, click here.
其他签证移民权利机构 Other Immigration Authorities
移民部负责具体实施移民及难民保护法(Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, IRPA)、公民法(Citizenship Act)的主要法律内容。除移民部外:
- 加拿大服务署(Service Canada)负责诸如劳工市场影响评估的审理等境内事务;
- 加拿大边境管理局(Canada Border Services Agency, CBSA)负责边境管理和强制措施执行;
- 加拿大护照管理署(Passport Canada)负责为加拿大公民办理护照;
- 移民及难民委员会(Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, IRB)则负责相对中立地对上诉案件进行审理。
境外使领馆签证中心 CPC outside Canada
中国居民申请旅游签、学签、工签,特别是通过纸质递交,通常会分配到设立在中国境内的使领馆审理。目前在中国有:北京、上海、广州和香港审理临时居民签证,但只有香港审理永久居民签证。大陆的永久居民申请人如果被要求进行面试,则必须前往香港。
境外使领馆的签证官,素以严苛著称!旅游签、学签和工签的拒签率居高不下,加拿大旅游签被认为是“全世界最难获得的签证,且没有之一”,35岁以上的申请人,在中国境内直接申请学签(博士除外)就几乎不可能通过。
香港更是永久居民签证的梦魇,开创了:怀疑客户使用代理却不填写IMM5476而导致拒签、在搜索引擎上查出客户是党员却没有申报而导致拒签、户口本上的职业和工作经验不符而导致拒签的先河案例;并在IRB和联邦法院形成了一系列经典判例。永久居民签证分到香港,申请人会被要求提供户口本公证件,被用作背景和安全调查。渥太华则没有这个要求。
渥太华案件处理中心 CPC-Ottawa
渥太华签证中心(CPC-Ottawa,全称:Case Processing Centre-Ottawa),是隶属于加拿大境外签证机构的一个分支,最初用以审理境内小签续签,之后处理越来越多的境内移民申请个案。目前,由于大多数通过快速移民通道 EE 进行移民的申请人都在加拿大境内,所以渥太华签证中心也开始大量处理与EE有关的申请。
近几年来,渥太华签证中心所扮演的角色越发重要,及时申请人在中国境内,通过网申诸如旅游签、学习许可等临时居民签证的个案也会优先分配至渥太华。在2018年之前,渥太华只会针对符合条件的个案进行批准,并将不符合条件的申请分配回中国签证中心;但2018年之后,渥太华也有权自行决定拒签一些境外的临时居民签证。同时,渥太华办公室还手里移民证件的补发及修正。
韦格勒维尔案件处理中心 CPC-Vegreville
韦格勒维尔签证中心(CPC-Vegreville,全称:Case Processing Centre-Vegreville),这个距离阿尔伯塔省会,埃德蒙顿约1小时车程的小镇,名不见经传。但其负责几乎所有境内临时居民身份的案件处理,包括:学签续签、访问续签、配偶工签、毕业后工签等境内身份调整。
韦格勒维尔在审理境内身份案件时对“拒签”相当谨慎。因此,为大量高龄学签申请人进行旅游签转学签提供了便捷条件。同时,韦格勒维尔还审理联邦护理类移民及难民类永久居民申请。当该办公室遇到棘手申请时,会将案件转移到其他加拿大境内的签证中心进行审理。
悉尼签证办公室 CIO-Sydney
悉尼处理办公室(CIO-Sydney,全称:Centralized Intake Office-Sydney)位于新斯科舍省,千万不要与澳大利亚的悉尼混淆。目前,悉尼处理办公室主要接受来自省提名的申请;案件通过邮寄送达后,会被分配到境外使领馆(当申请人身处境外时)或渥太华申请中信进行后续处理。
悉尼处理办公室也是枫叶卡和入籍申请的第一站,枫叶卡申请一般会在该办公室直接作出决定,小部分案件会被送往境内的其他签证中心。入籍申请由于需要申请人参加考试、面试及宣誓等一系列活动;后期,均会被送往加拿大境内的其他签证中心进行处理。
密西沙加案件处理中心 CPC-Mississauga
密西沙加签证中心(CIO-Mississauga,全称:Case Processing Centre-Mississauga),是处理团聚类移民申请的主要签证中心。加拿大境内几乎所有团聚类申请直接由中心审理,境外团聚类案件需先通过邮寄送达该签证中心,再被分配到境外使领馆(若申请人在境外)或渥太华签证中心(若申请人在境内)。
往年,父母团聚类移民均采取“先到先得”的政策,因此每年1月初有大量快递公司在密西沙加签证中心门外排队抢位。自2017年改为抽签决定后,此种盛况一去不返。境内团聚类移民在审理结束后,会被分配到加拿大境内的其他签证中心办理登陆事宜。
温哥华签证中心 IRCC–Backlog Reduction Office
温哥华签证中心主要处理人道主义与同情类移民申请个案。其实,移民部在加拿大大中型城市周边均设有办公室。除申报难民申请,其他事务均需预约才能前往。这些办公室的设立旨在“近距离解决申请人的实际问题”;因此,任何一个申请个案,如需更加方便的联系到申请人,会将案件交由距其最近的境内办公室处理。例如:登陆、境内团聚、临时居民申请、枫叶卡领取及入籍考试等。
联系优途安加获取签证移民法律协助 Contact the UtoImmigration for Assistance
优途安加签证移民事务所作为加拿大专注提供签证移民解决方案的领导机构之一,拥有超过13年的经验,以及一支包含移民律师、助理律师、持牌移民顾问等三十余名法律人士在内的专业团队。致力于帮助客户实现移民加拿大的诉求。我们的专业领域包括技术移民、商业移民、家庭团聚、工作许可、学习许可,入籍与拒签上诉。
Utoimmigration.com 作为优途安加的在线平台,自2012年上线以来逐步发展成全球范围内最值得信赖的加拿大移民线上资源平台之一。与我们取得联系,以便我们协助您实现下列移民需求:
UtoImmigration Law Firm is one of Canada’s leading immigration law firms. We have over 13 years of experience and feature a team of over 30 Canadian immigration attorneys, paralegals, and other dedicated professionals. We are dedicated to helping people achieve their Canadian immigration goals. We assist in areas including skilled worker and business immigration, family sponsorship, work permits, study permits, citizenship, and inadmissibility.
Utoimmigration.com was founded in 2012 as the online presence of UtoImmigration Law Firm. Since then, this website has grown into one of the world’s most trusted resources on immigration to Canada. Please connect with us so we can support your immigration needs:
相关链接 Related Links
- 加拿大边境服务局 Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)
- 劳动力市场影响评估批文广告要求 LMIA Advertising Requirements
- 优途安加签证移民事务所 About UtoImmigration Law Firm
- 加拿大移民部案件审理周期 IRCC’s Canadian Immigration Processing Times
- 加拿大移民水平计划 Canada’s Immigration Levels Plan 2023-2026
- 性少数群体的加拿大移民途径 Canadian Immigration Options for the LGBTQ2 Community
- 安大略省行政划分及教育资源 About Ontario
- 学历等级 Levels of Study
- 劳动力市场影响评估批文 Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA)
- 学习许可拒签及上诉 Study Permit Refusals and Appeals
- 勤工助学 Work While Studying
- 录取信 Letter of Acceptance (LOA)
- 移民监管协会 ICCRC:如何选择移民顾问 How to choose your immigration consultant
- 安家资金 Settlement Funds
- 加拿大入籍语言要求 Citizenship Language Requirement
- 指定院校 Designated Learning Institution(DLI)
- 家庭成员定义 Family Members
- 加拿大家庭最低收入标准 Low Income Cut-off(LICO)
- 省提名项目 Provincial Nominee Program(PNP)
- 加拿大语言水平分级指南 Canadian Language Benchmark Guide (CLB)
- 双重意图 Dual Intent
- 隐含身份 Maintained Status (previously called Implied Status)
- 加拿大国家职业分类 TEER NOC Code(NOC-TEER)
- 上诉和司法系统 Appeal, Judicial Review and Remedies
- 加拿大移民、难民及公民部 Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada(IRCC)